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Although pursuing a terminal degree abroad can be costly, several countries offer affordable PhD programs, according to study international.
Top Countries for Affordable PhDs
Sweden
Known for innovation, Sweden offers free PhD programs to all students, including internationals. With a relatively low monthly cost of living ($2,264), many institutions also provide stipends or salaries for PhD candidates. Top universities include KTH Royal Institute of Technology (#74) and Lund University (#75).
Norway
Norway combines quality education with no tuition fees for PhD students, who are treated as employees and receive salaries. However, candidates need funding to cover living expenses. Leading universities include the University of Oslo (#119) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (#264).
Finland
Finland offers free PhD programs and incentives to boost innovation, such as a government-funded initiative to increase PhD graduates. Its top institutions include Aalto University (#113) and the University of Helsinki (#117).
Germany
Germany charges no tuition for PhD students but requires secured funding through fellowships or university programs. With eight universities in the top 150 of the QS World Rankings, Germany stands out for its research opportunities.
France
France mandates funding for PhD candidates, ensuring salaries and benefits like healthcare. While some institutions charge minimal fees, many programs are affordable.
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