The South African coronavirus variant: everything we know about it

Health officials today began a mass coronavirus testing programme in eight areas of England to try to contain the South African variant of the virus.

Eleven unrelated cases of the fast-spreading virus have already been spotted across the country, raising fears that it is out of control.

Public Health England (PHE) has confirmed 105 cases of the variant through random screening of positive test swabs, suggesting it is already widespread.

But this sudden spike in samples has panicked officials and led them to quickly test 80,000 people in London, Surrey, Kent, Hertfordshire, Walsall and Lancashire.

They hope this will help to isolate those infected and prevent them from spreading the virus any further.

Mutations found in the virus mean it is faster to spread than older versions and it may also be able to slip past the immune systems of people who have already recovered from Covid.

Here’s what we know about the South African variant so far:

The South African variant is one of more than half a dozen that have emerged worldwide in recent months, and it is among the most concerning

When and where was it discovered? 

Scientists first noticed in December 2020 that the variant, named B.1.351, was genetically different in a way that could change how it acts.

It was picked up through random genetic sampling of swabs submitted by people testing positive for the virus, and was first found in Nelson Mandela Bay, around Port Elizabeth.

Using a computer to analyse the genetic code of the virus – which is viewed as a sequence of letters that correspond to thousands of molecules called nucleotides – can help experts to see where the code has changed and how this affects the virus. 

What mutations did scientists find?

There are two key mutations on the South African variant that appear to give it an advantage over older versions of the virus – these are called N501Y and E484K.

Both are on the spike protein of the virus, which is a part of its outer shell that it uses to stick to…