NBC NEWS
A lot of Americans want to lighten their skin.
Skin lightening, also called whitening or bleaching, is a multibillion-dollar industrywith products that can damage the skin and that, researchers say, promote a dangerous message about beauty and social value. But people who use these products — primarily marketed to women — seldom understand the health risks of using the over-the-counter chemicals, Northwestern University researchers found in a study recently published in the International Journal of Women’s Dermatology.
The researchers surveyed hundreds of people, a majority of them Black women. Many of the respondents reported using skin lightening products, with a portion admitting that they didn’t know the products contained harmful ingredients like hydroquinone, which can cause skin rashes, swelling, discoloration and more.
“The vast majority of times, skin lightening is really used with the goal of treating a medical dermatological disease or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentations,” said the study’s lead author, Dr. Roopal Kundu, founder and director of the Northwestern Medicine Center for Ethnic Skin and Hair. “But sometimes it is used in the space of wanting lighter skin and the constructs of beauty compounded by light and dark skin.”
“We’ve done other work in that space trying to understand why people might use these products,” she continued. “It gets back to lighter skin being more aesthetic or considered something of value among certain communities. This is centuries in the making, generations in the making.”
Respondents who used skin lighteners reported experiencing colorism in their lives. Colorism, or color bias, is a system of inequality in which lighter skin on nonwhite people is considered more beautiful, socially acceptable and deserving of privileges often denied to people with darker skin. Black men with light skin are perceived to have more education than those with dark skin, and skin tone plays a role when job applicants with dark skin compete with light-skinned applicants.
Meanwhile, Black people with darker skin face harsher prison sentences than those with light skin, according to research published by the University of Chicago. And Northwestern’s recent study highlights the health disparities for nonwhite, dark-skinned people.
Although colorism is pervasive among Black Americans, such bias is a global issue and exists across nationalities and ethnicities. It has persisted in India for centuries as a result of casteism and colonialism, and in a 2021 Pew Research Center poll of Latinos, several said they face discrimination and barriers to upward mobility as a result of having dark skin. In Hollywood, starring roles tend to go to light-skinned actors over dark ones.
National conversations about colorism have cropped up in recent years, with actors like Zoe Saldaña and musicians like Beyoncé andIce Spice facing backlash for benefiting from colorism in the entertainment industry.
“The one common denominator that I can point to: We’re all dominated by Eurocentric power structures, which define our ideals,” said Ronald Hall, a Michigan State University professor who has written several articles and books on colorism, including “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Colorism” and “The Historical Globalization of Colorism…
